health

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The Los Angeles City Council has approved a law that bans fast-food restaurants from opening in South LA. People who live in this area have the largest obesity problems. Approximately one in 3 children from South LA is obese, compared to one in five in the rest of the city. Nearly one-third of residents in the city's south are obese, compared with 19% for the overall Los Angeles area and 14% in the wealthier west side area.

The main thing responsible for this condition is poverty, as well as the fact that 73 percent of the restaurants in the southern part of the city are fast-food ones and offer meals that are high in calories and cholesterol. "There's one set of food for one part of the city, another set of food for another part of the city, and it's very stratified that way," Marqueece Harris-Dawson, a community leader in south Los Angeles, told the Washington Post this month.

The new law will ban the opening of any fast-food restaurants for a year, but there is the possibility that this period will be increased to two years. According to the new law, “any establishment which dispenses food for consumption on or off the premises, and which has the following characteristics: a limited menu, items prepared in advance or prepared or heated quickly, no table orders and food served in disposable wrapping or containers" is considered to be a fast-food restaurant.

As expected, the new law was received with criticism by fast-food companies, who argued that many of them offer healthy food too, and that it is the consumer's decision to buy junk food. According to them, banning fast-food restaurants is an unfair decision. However, studies have shown that increasing the number of places where people can buy healthy food in a certain area reduces or at least stabilizes the number of people that suffer from obesity in that area as well.

Fast-food chains such as McDonalds have become ubiquitous in America's poor urban areas thanks in large part to their inexpensive meals, raising questions in Los Angeles about whether the new ban would hit low-income residents in the pocketbook. But the city carved out an exemption for lower-priced chains that make their food fresh to order without using a drive-through window, such as Subway. The new law that was approved by the LA City Council also encourages groceries and restaurants that offer healthy food to open for business in South LA.

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Photos courtesy of EontarioNow, AP Photo / Nick Ut, and vivirlatino.com

Original Source: eFluxMedia and Guardian, UK

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WASHINGTON - The White House predicted yesterday that President Bush would leave a record $482 billion deficit to his successor, a sobering turnabout in the nation's fiscal condition from 2001, when Bush took office after three consecutive years of budget surpluses.

The worst may be yet to come. The deficit announced by Jim Nussle, the White House budget director, does not reflect the full cost of military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the potential $50 billion cost of another economic stimulus package, or the possibility of steeper losses in tax revenues if individual income or corporate profits decline.

The new deficit numbers also do not account for any drains on the national treasury that might result from further declines in the housing market. The White House forecast was prepared before passage of the huge housing assistance package that Bush has promised to sign. That legislation would put taxpayer money at risk in numerous ways, especially if housing prices continue to decline.

Next year's record figure includes only $70 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, which could cost three times that much, and it is based on economic assumptions that could prove unrealistic. The White House is assuming economic growth next year of 2.2 percent, down sharply from the 3 percent estimate of February but still brighter than the 1.7 percent growth estimate of many private-sector economists. The White House is also assuming rosier numbers for inflation and unemployment rates. "That's not the real number," former Bush Treasury secretary Paul H. O'Neill said of the $482 billion deficit forecast. "It's upward of $500 billion and counting. It's a mind-boggling number."

Nussle predicted yesterday that the deficit would more than double in the current fiscal year - to $389 billion, from $162 billion in 2007 - before shooting up to $482 billion in fiscal 2009, which begins in about two months. "We are not happy about the deficit," Nussle conceded.

The deficit projected for 2009 would be the largest in absolute terms, easily surpassing the record of $413 billion in 2004. The White House and many economists prefer to measure the deficit as a share of the economy. Measured against the size of the economy, next year's mark is still eclipsed by the deficits of Bush's first term, as well as the deficits of George H.W. Bush and Ronald Reagan. The projected 2009 deficit would be 3.3 percent of the economy. That is the largest share since 2004, but well below the percentages recorded in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1983, the deficit was 6 percent of the overall economy.

The new estimate of the 2009 deficit was $74 billion higher than Bush and Nussle had predicted in the president's budget six months ago. Bush had expected the impact of the tax rebates and war funding to begin subsiding in 2009, reducing the deficit by $3 billion. Instead, Nussle said, the slowing economy will push the deficit to a level that would easily beat the record $413 billion deficit of fiscal 2004.

The bleak outlook for the budget will crimp the ability of the next president to carry out ambitious spending plans. And it adds to fiscal pressures that were already building because of the growth of Medicare and Social Security.

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Photos courtesy of Brendan Smialowksi / Bloomberg News, AFP, Stuff.co.nz

Original Source: Boston Globe and Washington Post

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Pope Benedict XVI recalled the natural beauty he observed during his 20-hour flight to Sydney, saying he felt "a profound sense of awe," and denounced "insatiable consumption" as a threat to the world's environment.

The pope made his first major appearance on his Australia tour Thursday before an estimated crowd of 150,000 people at World Youth Day. The event is believed to be the world's largest Christian gathering and dubbed "the Catholic Woodstock."

He delivered his homily in several languages to people representing 70 countries, lamenting "erosion, deforestation, the squandering of the world's mineral and ocean resources in order to fuel an insatiable consumption." In his address, Benedict warned that mankind's "insatiable consumption" has scarred the Earth and squandered its resources, telling followers that taking care of the planet is vital to humanity — striking a theme that has earned him a reputation as the "green pope."

He was greeted at World Youth Day by a traditional aboriginal welcoming ceremony. In his address, the pope thanked aboriginal elders and noted the decades of hardship native people faced throughout Australia's history. "I am deeply moved to stand on your land, knowing the suffering and injustices it has borne but aware too of the healing and hope that are now at work, rightly bringing pride to all Australian citizens," the pope said. "To the young indigenous -- aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders -- and the Tokelauans, I express my thanks for your stirring welcome." At a meeting with top government officials, including Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, the pope praised his official apology in February on behalf of the nation to its aboriginal people.

Pope Benedict XVI urged religious leaders of all kinds to unite against those who use faith to divide communities — an apparent reference to terrorism in the name of religion. He met with representatives of Muslim, Jewish, Hindu and Buddhist faiths for about 40 minutes during the Roman Catholic Church's youth festival, which has drawn hundreds of thousands of pilgrims to Sydney. "In a world threatened by sinister and indiscriminate forms of violence, the unified voice of religious people urges nations and communities to resolve conflicts through peaceful means and with full regard for human dignity," Benedict told a gathering of clerics from different faiths in Sydney.

Without mentioning terrorism directly, the pontiff said creating harmony between religion and public life was "all the more important at a time when some people have come to consider religion as a cause of division rather than a force for unity." The remarks come as the Vatican tries to repair ties with the Islamic world that were strained by a speech he gave in 2006 that appeared to associate Islam with violence, outraging many Muslims.

Thursday's events were the pope's first public appearances since arriving in Australia on Sunday and spending several days resting. The pontiff, appearing rested and in good form, gave his first major speech before an estimated crowd of 200,000 pilgrims gathered for World Youth Day. Tens of thousands more lined Sydney harbor's foreshore as he toured the city, first by boat and then in the popemobile.

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Photos courtesy of AP, Reuters/Will Burgess, Robert Pearce, Greg Wood/Pool, and WYD 2008

Original Source: CNN and AP

Image Gallery: Reuters: Pope says young inheriting scarred, squandered earth

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Australian scientists have identified a potential treatment to combat malaria. Researchers in Melbourne believe their discovery could be a major breakthrough in the fight against the disease. The research involving the scientists at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, and associates at Oxford and Liverpool universities, has uncovered the process that helps the disease hijack red blood cells.

Malaria kills more than 2 million people every year, with many of the victims being young children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is caused by a parasite which is transmitted by mosquitoes and infects red blood cells. The need for new treatments for malaria is increasing as the parasite develops resistance to existing treatments.

The malaria parasite - Plasmodium falciparum - effectively hijacks the red blood cells it invades, changing their shape and physical properties dramatically. Among the changes it triggers is the production of the glue-like substance, which enables the infected cells to stick to the walls of the blood vessels. This stops them being passed through the spleen, where the parasites would usually be destroyed by the immune system.

Professor Alan Cowman from the Walter and Eliza Institute, says they have found how the adhesive stops the parasite being flushed out by the immune system, with the help of eight proteins. These proteins allow the infected blood cells to stick to the walls of blood vessels so they are not destroyed by traveling to the spleen. Removing just one of these proteins stopped the infected cells from attaching themselves to the walls of blood vessels.

Professor Cowman says the breakthrough will lead to research into new anti-malarial drugs. "By identifying those proteins it means we have potentially new targets to really concentrate on to try and develop new drugs or new ways of trying to treat Malaria," he said. "It also gives us the potential of trying to develop what are called genetically attenuated parasites, in other words weakened parasites that can no longer stick within the body and these could be used potentially as a live vaccine as has been done with many other things such as Hepatitis B."

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Photos courtesy of BBC News, TopNews, James Jordan/flickr

Original Source: ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) and BBC News

Related article: Researchers find secret to fight malaria (includes full Interview with Professor Alan Cowman)

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July 10 (Bloomberg) -- A third of the world's corals could be dead within a few years, a shocking new report warns today. The biggest study of its kind has found that 200 out of 700 species of coral are on the brink of extinction - far more than was previously thought. If they die, some of the most beautiful and colourful reefs - home to millions of species of marine life - could be devastated. The speed of decline has shocked the 39 scientists who carried out the survey. Just 10 years ago only 13 species of coral were endangered. Researchers, who published their findings in the journal Science, say they have been badly hit by climate change, coastal development and overfishing.

A team of 39 researchers assessed the state of 704 coral species and found 32.8 percent are threatened with extinction. The study results, published today in the journal Science, are "worse than expected," said co-author Suzanne Livingstone, a marine biologist at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. "When we began this process, we didn't think it would be anywhere near as high as that," Livingstone, also a marine species assessor for the International Union for Conservation of Nature, said yesterday in a telephone interview. "Climate change is the overarching threat which comes in on a much larger, global scale," adding to localized disturbances, she said. Death of corals can lead to the collapse of entire ecosystems.

Reefs in the Caribbean are among the most severely at risk. Co-author of the report, Elizabeth Wood, of the UK Marine Conservation Society, said: "The proportion of threatened coral species greatly exceeds that of most terrestrial animal groups apart from amphibians. Coral reefs are some of the planets most incredible and diverse living systems and provide local communities in over 100 countries with food and other natural resources. " The spectacular reefs that lie in the world's shallow, tropical seas are made by tiny organisms only a few millimetres long. These coral polyps live in huge colonies, secreting calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton over millions of years. Only the top layers of a reef are "alive". But the holes and crevices in the reefs provide shelter for thousands of different species of marine life.

The new study looked at 845 tropical reef-building coral species. Of the 704 corals for which detailed information was available, 231 species were at high risk of extinction, while 407 were threatened or near-threatened. Hundreds of millions of people depend on coral reefs for food, livelihoods and coastal defences. Coral reefs are home to around two million species - including a quarter of all sea fish. The fate of corals is crucial to the livelihoods of millions of coastal dwellers around the world. Reefs are worth about $30 billion a year to the global economy, through tourism, fisheries and coastal protection, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a United-Nations supervised study published in 2005.

Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are warming surface temperatures and making seas more acidic, they said - "bleaching" corals. Sewage, destructive fishing, agricultural chemicals and building on coasts were adding to the destruction. Dr Rogers, senior research fellow at the Zoological Society of London's Institute of Zoology, said it was "death by a thousand cuts". "The resilience of corals to bleaching and ability to recover is heavily influenced by other stresses the corals are under, such as over-fishing or destructive fishing, declining water quality and nutrient loading from agrochemicals," he said. Even if they recover from bleaching events, corals are still more susceptible to disease and other problems.

While the best way to help preserve corals is to cut the emissions of greenhouse gases blamed for rising temperatures, tackling local threats by tightening regulations on fishing, coastal building and marine protection will reduce stress to corals, Livingstone said. "One of the big problems is these localized disturbances from human activities in conjunction with climate change,'' Livingstone said. "They are much more resistant and able to adapt if there are no other stresses acting on them."

Results of the Gland, Switzerland-based IUCN's assessment will be included in the group's Red List of endangered species in October. In addition to the 704 species rated by the scientists, insufficient data existed on a further 141 reef-building corals.

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Photos courtesy of Reuters, PhysOrg.com, Sydney Morning Herald

Original Source: Bloomberg and Daily Mail, UK

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Today marks the birth of a notion as well as a nation

July 4, 2008

By Jerry Davich Post-Tribune metro columnist

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."

When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for a pampered, privileged, and not-so-patriotic newspaper columnist to finally take the time to read his nation's most hallowed document, it must seem like a sad state of affairs, I agree. Yet here I am, a 46-year-old Yankee Doodle Davich who not once has read every word in the Declaration of Independence, arguably the most masterfully written political prose of Western civilization. Oh, sure, I can be a patriotic pretender and regurgitate its revolutionary highlights, such as "self-evident truths," "unalienable rights," and "all men are created equal." But what does that all mean in 2008, in a country that went from 2.5 million people in 1776 to 305 million today, with who knows how many here illegally or what that really means?

In a country that riveted its global identity to become the economic leader, only to predictably lose that title to China. Or which has so far allocated $656 billion for the war in Iraq while millions of Americans go without food, health care, and proper education. And a country which only recently experienced its first "mountaintop moment" regarding civil rights, and possibly the not-so-self-evident truth that all men are created equal.

On June 28, 1776, Thomas Jefferson finished drafting the first version of the Declaration of Independence. On June 28, 2008, I began studying the final version in earnest. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the document, and it later served as an autographed preamble for the birth of a nation. On July 4, 2008, I'd like to use this space as a preamble for the birth of a notion: Between the cookouts, parades, and fireworks, how about we pause to reflect how the Declaration has stood the test of time. And what better time, on the nation's 232nd birthday, to spark a conversation of sovereign thought among free people.

What would they think?

I can't help but wonder what our founding fathers would think of America the Bountiful in the 21st century, in all its hope and hype, gore and glory, fakeness and flag-waving.

Would they condemn, condone, or celebrate a racially mixed presidential candidate? Or a middle-aged woman for that matter? Would they embrace or be aghast over the proliferation of guns? Or the recent Supreme Court ruling on the right to bear arms? Would they be surprised or surly over our global trade agreements with other countries, including the $107 billion of trade each year with the United Kingdom, our adversary in 1776, but our sixth-leading trading partner today? These are the questions I asked myself while reading the Declaration and its 56-signature endorsement.

Also, it seems our founding framers' clear, concise, and candid public declaration in 1776 has been replaced by red, white and often untrue political decoration in 2008, an election year. Rhetoric has replaced reasoning. Sound-bites have replaced sound thinking. Image has replaced imagination. Maybe my star-spangled skepticism seems un-American, but I feel there's a thin line between how we praise a "patriot" versus how we torment a "traitor."

Isn't it still our duty to be the watchdog of government, to secure our life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness, and if necessary to indict our leaders, just as the Declaration indicted King George III? Isn't it our duty to question whether our personal freedoms are being protected, protracted, or politically pawned away? Isn't it our duty to reconsider exactly what defines our so-called unalienable rights? Two centuries later, does the term still adhere to our basic human rights, or do we view them as more national than natural?

Who's a patriot today?

And where does the "Creator" still fit into this 232-year-old marriage between church and state? A recent poll showed an overwhelming majority of Americans are "absolutely certain" that God exists, but many of them don't believe in worshipping on a regular basis. Is there a parallel with those same Americans who genuinely believe in democracy but are not absolutely certain about our government?

And what defines a patriot these days, "a person who loves, supports, and defends his or her country and its interests with devotion," according to my dictionary. Or someone who must symbolically wear an American flag pin to prove it?

On the morning of July 4, 1776, church bells rang out when the Declaration was finally, and formally, adopted. But, I discovered, two statesmen ended up not signing it. John Dickinson clung to the idea of reconciliation with Britain, and Robert R. Livingston thought the Declaration was premature. Today I can only wonder about all the statesmen in 21st century America who would have joined Dickinson and Livingston, refusing to put their necks on the line for the birth of a notion, and a nation.

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Images courtesy of Getty Images and Center for American Progress, and paintings by Gilbert Stuart and Arnold Friberg

Original Source: Post-Tribune and Center for American Progress

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Team Earthrace, led by New Zealand Skipper Pete Bethune, has smashed the world circumnavigation record for a speedboat by almost 14 days. Almost five years of preparation, planning and two record attempts have paid off leaving the bio-diesel powered Earthrace team to claim the round the world speedboat record.

Possibly the coolest powerboat on the planet, the space age, wave piercing trimaran Earthrace took bio-fuel into history as the 78 foot, (24 metre) boat crossed the 'Round the World' finish line in Sagunto, Spain. In just 60 days Earthrace has powered almost 24,000 nautical miles around the world. Earthrace left Spain on Sunday April 27th at 14:35 local time (1325 GMT) and headed west on the long voyage around the world. The previous record for a powerboat to circumnavigate the globe was 74 days 20 hours 58 minutes 30 seconds, set by the UK boat ‘Cable & Wireless Adventurer’ in 1998.

Flying both the New Zealand and Spanish flags Earthrace thundered across the finish line, powered by her twin 540 horse powered Cummins-Mercruiser engines, in front of a large spectator fleet and awaiting media at 14.24 CET (13.24 GMT). The finish in Spain by Earthrace was monitored by D. Jaime Pérez López, Presidente de la Federación Territorial Motonaútica de la Comunidad Valenciana.The new record is 13 days, 21 hours and 9 minutes inside the old one.  read more »

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Is he or is he not ill? While sources make contradictory reports and we’re all left to wonder whether legendary Hollywood actor Paul Newman is indeed battling lung cancer at 82 or in fact “doing nicely,” as he has stated, let’s just wish him good health and many years to come.

Last year, Newman announced that, at 82, acting was just not the same and that he would retire. He said it was “pretty much a closed book” for him, as aging meant “you start to lose your memory, you start to lose your confidence, you start to lose your invention.”

He was still set to direct “Of Mice and Men,” a stage play of the John Steinbeck novella. Earlier this year, Newman cited unspecified health issues as he announced he would withdraw from the project.

The star’s career spans a remarkable five decades, has starred in movies such as “Hud,” “Cool Hand Luke,” “Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid,” “The Verdict” and many others.

In recent years, he has starred in “Road to Perdition” opposite Tom Hanks, appeared in the HBO miniseries “Empire Falls” and lent his voice to an animated race car in the Disney/Pixar hit “Cars.”

He has also been involved in charity, raising more than $200 million from his Newman's Own brand of dressings, pasta sauces, popcorn and salsa.

He and Woodward celebrated 50 years of marriage this year. They are parents to three adult daughters. The only comment Newman has made on the recent spate of rumors concerning his illness is that he is “doing nicely.”

So let’s wish him just that: to continue to do nicely from now on.

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Photos courtesy of Everett Collection, javno.com, and AP Photo/Jim Cooper

Original Source: eFluxMedia